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BIRD MIGRATION NEVER STOPS

Common Crossbill (male), Gannow Fell.

MIGRATION CONTINUES. Although most birds are breeding in East Lancs at the moment, either incubating or feeding young in or out of the nest, some are still on the move and today it was crossbills again. I had another eight today in a tight flock that flew east over heather moorland at Gannow Fell. Fortunately they gave me plenty of warning they were coming, with their loud 'chup-chup-chup' calls, so I was ready for them with the camera. Crossbill flocks always potentially have something really rare amongst them but these were all clearly Commons and all appeared to be adults, at least four of them red males like the one last week from the same spot. Bill Aspin tells me that some crossbills have been reported from Darwen Moor lately too. I wonder where they are coming from to be heading east at this time of year? A male siskin and three Lesser Redpolls also flew east over the moorland here. I have even seen a raptor on Gannow Fell now, albeit only a kestrel. Stocks was very quiet part from some breeding activity. A mother Goosander had nine ducklings in tow, there were also at least six juvenile Grey Herons around the reservoir too. The pair of Great Black-backed Gulls fortunately do not appear to have produced youngsters this year and a lone first summer Common Gull was noteworthy. Alston Wetland was also very quiet with no passage migrants. Only a pair of LRPs and six Gadwall of interest on the pool and a Lesser Whitethroat singing from the hedgerow in the field behind the viewing screen. No new birds for the ELOC little year despite some effort, hopefully that will change soon!

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BACK ON THE RIVERBANK

Banded Demoiselle (male), River Ribble.

SUMMER IS ALMOST HERE NOW and most birds are settled down to breed, in fact some have almost finished. Today's first prize went to a red male Common Crossbill over Gannow Fell calling this morning, no sight or sound of the cuckoos from Saturday though. A male stonechat was also here alongside the noisy curlews and a singing reed bunting. I'm hoping for a raptor or two from this great vantage point, we will see. Stocks was quiet again with only the drake wigeon on the island of note. Two Red-breasted Mergansers were loafing around in the Hodder Inlet, which looks great for shorebirds now the water level has dropped. The cuckoo opposite the hides was still singing early this morning but there was not much else happening. Alston Wetland also looks great and a new Common Ringed Plover showed that there might still be time for something interesting before the return passage starts later next month. A pair of redshanks have two chicks now and the Gadwall flock reached 18 today. I love walking along the riverbank of the Ribble and in one of my favourite spots there are a lot of Banded Demoiselles at the moment, I also saw a Gadwall actually on the river, the first time I've seen one here. A grumpy Goosander growled at me as it took off, a buzzard and a sparrowhawk flew over, a redshank was on the riverbank and a Linnet was singing from a nearby small ash tree (they are a summer migrant in East Lancs!) on a beautiful sunny day with fluffy white polar maritime clouds across the sky. Wonderful!

Banded Demoiselle (female), Ribble Valley.

Super wren belting out its song at Alston.

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SPRING BANK HOLIDAY WEEKEND

Lovely riverside meadows in the Ribble Valley at Alston.

THE LAST SPRING MIGRANTS CONTINUED TO TRICKLE THROUGH East Lancashire this weekend so it's almost time to start turning my attention to other things. An early morning spin on Saturday resulted in a Dunlin at Stocks, which is not particularly unusual, however, a drake Eurasian Wigeon was very late indeed, a bit like the pintail at Alston last weekend. May is a good month for strange duck records. A flock of 13 Gadwall was my highest so far at Alston, no doubt just on a day trip from Grimsargh, which is positively overflowing with them. Three cuckoos in the air at Gannow Fell was a wonderful sight. A pair had come to investigate a singing bird, with a couple of Meadow Pipits in tow and all three sped off east over the fell towards the insane dog kennels. In the evening two Spotted Flycatchers were by the river at Alston Old Hall. The riverbank was very quiet but there were a lot of Small Tortoiseshell butterflies patrolling the nettle beds there, many rustling with the equally numerous Banded Demoiselle dragonflies. Mmmm there must be a hobby here somewhere, I'll keep trying. No ELOC year list additions this week.

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ISLA DE CABRERA, MALLORCA

Balearic Shearwater, Isla de Cabrera, May 2016.

I was very lucky to visit lovely Cabrera earlier in May this year on the recent Birdquest 35th anniversary reunion tour of Mallorca. Isla de Cabrera is the main island of a small archipelago off Mallorca’s south coast. Named after the goats, which once inhabited its rocky slopes it was visited by various ancient Mediterranean civilizations – the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans and Byzantines. It is also said to be the birthplace of the Carthaginian General Hannibal! In the middle ages Cabrera was a haven for Barbary pirates, prompting the building of the castle here in the 14th Century. The pretty island also has a very dark past indeed. In the Napoleonic era Cabrera was used as a concentration camp for captured French prisoners. Of 18,000 who surrendered to the Spanish at the Battle of Bailen in 1808, 9,000 were taken to Cabrera and marooned there. There was no building on the island used as a prison and the prisoners of war suffered intolerable conditions, particularly as the provisioning operation, which were supposed to deliver food to them every four days collapsed and a period of up to three months without food and supplies followed. There were rumors of cannibalism and coprofagia and only 3,600 detainees survived when they were finally freed when peace returned in 1814. It is difficult to imagine this scene of human suffering when walking along the quiet trails around this beautiful island. Cabrera was privately owned until 1916 when it was seized by the military ‘in the interest of national defense’, owing to its use as a refueling and repair station by German submarines operating in the Mediterranean. It remained a military station until it was declared a Foreshore National Park in 1988, 85% of the new park’s surface being sea. The military occupation certainly saved Cabrera from development, which has afflicted much of the Balearic Islands and the island has a wonderful landscape of natural vegetation (spoilt only by a few eyesores, particularly a hideous bank of solar panels plonked on one of its hillsides). The geology of Cabrera is predominantly tertiary dolomite limestone and its vegetation is typically Mediterranean maquis scrub with wild olive trees, Aleppo Pines, scattered Balearic Buckthorn and junipers. 

Birdquesters on Isla de Cabrera.

The main reason for our visit was Cabrera’s two special warblers: Balearic (reaching its highest density in its tiny world range here) and Moltoni’s (at the westernmost limit of its range in the Balearic Islands and particularly easy to see on Cabrera). Both of these adorable little birds delighted us all in giving very instructive, perfect, close views. The first, Balearic Warbler, showed immediately, near the harbour but later, it could be seen easily along the quiet trails through the maquis scrub, sometimes foraging and even singing only a few metres away. Like many small sylvias they spend a lot of time foraging low down but they do occasionally show themselves ridiculously even without ‘encouragement’. Most authors follow its splitting off from Marmora’s Warbler but a few do not, notably Birdlife International. The plumage differences are indeed small but they are distinctive, a whiter throat and paler, buffy belly/vent area than Marmora’s is obvious as well as a harsher rattling song.

Balearic Warbler (male), Isla de Cabrera, May 2016.

Moltoni’s Warbler was a main target for everyone and happily there was a bird holding territory in the ornamental garden of the island’s little museum, like an exhibit itself. It obligingly returned time and again to a small flowering broom bush in the centre of the garden affording some wonderful views and a chance to study its features like the cold ‘salmon-pink’ under parts all the way to the under tail as well as to hear the diagnostic wren-like call. It was a world lifer for many and I wonder if one of us will now be able to pick one out on migration? 

Moltoni's Warbler, Isla de Cabrera, May 2016.

As well as the numerous and delightful Balearic Warblers, which are the most conspicuous breeding birds on Cabrera and reach their highest density here another special attraction is the endangered Lilford’s Wall Lizard Podarcis lilfordi. Extirpated from Mallorca and Menorca by cats and other introduced predators, this Balearic endemic lizard can still be found easily on the smaller islets of the archipelago. It has some interesting relationships, pollinating some plant species endemic to the Balearic Islands as well as being found moving to the nests of Eleonora’s Falcons, where it feeds on the remains of prey items.

Cabrera is even more exciting for Spanish birders. It is more or less Spain’s equivalent of Fair Isle, having hosted numerous country firsts like Eastern Olivaceous Warbler, Cretzschmar’s Bunting and Semi-collared Flycatcher. Although our visit came at a good time for extreme vagrants we did not have the easterly winds needed to bring the true megas from the Balkans and further east but Dani was happy to make do with wall to wall sunshine and finding Spain’s third or so spring Common Rosefinch, a female type feeding at the grassy clearing by the picnic tables, Cabrera’s main migrant trap. Also here were numerous Common Redstarts, Whinchats, Pied and Spotted Flycatchers, Tree Pipits, flava wagtails, a few Tree Pipits and a Common Nightingale. Many of these showed ridiculously well. Many of us fancy a return visit to watch migration here! After a very pleasant stop at the island’s little bar we all spread out and did our own thing on the island for the rest of the afternoon. Some climbed the stairs to the top of the castle and enjoyed wonderful views over the natural harbor, others enjoyed an afternoon surrounded by Balearic Warblers and some simply disappeared. Booted Eagles soared high over the island, a few Pallid Swifts zoomed around the castle and in the late afternoon we headed back to the mainland, stopping off to enter a sea cave on the way. A few Eleonora’s Falcons had gathered over one of the smaller islets as we headed towards the main channel between the small archipelago and Mallorca.

Common Rosefinch, Isla de Cabrera, May 2016.

Another reason for our visit to Cabrera is its breeding population of the critically Balearic Shearwater. The most recent (2011) population estimate for Cabrera is a rather precise 449 pairs of a total world breeding population of 3,200 pairs, however, recent winter at-sea surveys and counts from Gibraltar of post-breeding birds leaving the Mediterranean have suggested a population in the region of 25,000-30,000 individuals. Unfortunately, despite higher population estimates, the rate of decline at known breeding colonies suggests that this species is still in severe danger. We enjoyed some great views of them, briefly in the morning blasting across the bow of our speedy craft but much more prolonged in the evening as we approached several small rafts offshore to see them patter across the waves as they took flight flashing dusky armpits as they went by. Their commoner and larger cousin, the recently split Scopoli’s Shearwater, was also here on both the morning and evening crossings and again we enjoyed some lovely views in the evening sunshine. Dani was happy to go through their ID features including their pale forehead, distinctive single black spot at the base of the underside of p10 and more extensive white on the underside of their hands. What a great way to finish a wonderful day in one of the nicest corners of the Mediterranean! Thanks for making it happen for us Dani!

Scopoli's Shearwater, Isla de Cabrera, May 2016.

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