HILLTOPPING!

August 16, 2025

*Clouded Yellow | Colias crocea - Longridge Fell - 16 August 2025 (Mike Watson)*

HILLTOPPING! I knew this was a thing from the continent, associated with mate location and wondered if it might be connected to migration too. Well, I am pretty sure it is. My lunchtime walks up Longridge Fell have regularly included migrant nymphalids like Painted Ladies and whites moving uphill along the forestry tracks but today was something really special. I was hoping to find a Clouded Yellow, with so many reported moving north through the UK at the moment and a late report of one on the fell on 12 August but I wasn’t expecting it to be quite as good as it was on the top of the fell today. The morning started slowly at Salthills Quarry - only two Red Admirals and then at Barrow Lower Lodge - a Small Copper of note, so I wasn’t very hopeful. Walking up the Seven Bends at Longridge Fell was quieter than usual but maybe things had not got going yet as it had been quite cloudy so far. A faded Wall Brown livened things up and then BAM! Clouded Yellow!

I like them because they are very easy to spot! There’s no other butterfly that bright orange-yellow colour in our landscape. It was very mobile flying up and down a very flowery ride between young forestry plantations, the borders of the sandy track rammed with knapweed. After a while following it back and forth it landed a few times, FAB-U-LOUS! The crazy big green eyes, pink legs and the figure of eight on its hindwing! Ooh! There’s another! There were three more and when I retraced my steps back to the spot of the first sighting with Ribchester pal Phil Larkin, we had three together, so that’s six in total at least!

There were so many other butterflies along the quiet forestry tracks today, at one point I counted 50 nymphalids on a 20m stretch of knapweed alone. Lots of Red Admirals and Small Tortoiseshell and smaller numbers of Painted Ladies, Large and Small Whites. There were also residents of the Fell: a single Comma, Green-veined Whites, two Small Coppers, Common Blue, a single Meadow Brown and Speckled Wood and three more lovely Wall Browns! Easily my most exciting day butterflying in East Lancs. 10 species is my benchmark for a good walk and I think 14 must be my highest so far. There were some other good insects today. My first Migrant Hawker of the year was at Barrow Lower Lodge, where there were still at least four Small Red-eyed Damselflies, a late Broad-bodied Chaser, as well as three Brown Hawkers, a couple of Emperors and lots of Common Blue Damselflies. On the fell we saw several Southern Hawkers, including some lovely lime-green females, a Common Darter and a couple of Common Hawkers. However, the best sighting was probably one of the last, Furry Peat Hoverfly | Sericomyia superbiens - an uncommon late-flying carder bee mimic. Thanks to Pete Kinsella for pointing this out to us. What a day today was!

*Wall Brown | Lasiommata megera - Longridge Fell - 16 August 2025 (Mike Watson)*

*Painted Lady | Vanessa cardui - Longridge Fell - 16 August 2025 (Mike Watson)*

*Forest track, Longridge Fell (Mike Watson)*

*Southern Hawker (female) | Aeshna cyanea, Longridge Fell (Mike Watson)*

*Furry Peat Hoverfly | Sericomyia superbiens - a late-flying carder bee mimic (Mike Watson)*

*Migrant Hawker | Aeshna mixta - Barrow Lower Lodge (Mike Watson)*

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LAST OF THE SUMMER BUTTERFLIES

August 10, 2025

*Brown Hairstreak | Thecla betulae (female), Arnside & Silverdale AONB (Mike Watson)*

LAST OF THE SUMMER BUTTERFLIES. The last two single brood butterfly species to emerge are usually Scotch Argus Erebia aethiops and Brown Hairstreak Thecla betulae. The former is easy enough to see, particularly at its mega colony of Smardale Gill, but Brown Hairstreak is not nearly so. It was re-introduced to the Morecambe Bay limestone in, or prior to, 2011 having gone extinct in the Arnside/Silverdale area in the 1930s. This was a private release and I have no idea if it has been supplemented since but it can now be seen with some regularity at several spots here. Just like in its southern haunts, it is particularly fond of Hemp Agrimony nectar, where it can be ridiculously tame.

Scotch Argus Erebia aethiops had already been on the wing for a couple of weeks at Smardale Gill ,where, unlike the suggestions online, it is not in the floral verges of the disused railway line, rather on the steep unimproved alkaline grassland opposite the viaduct itself. It was abundant, I saw around 50 walking across the grassy slope but many were quite worn. It is a 2.5km walk each way from Smardale Hall and I will remember that the northwest facing slope is in shade until late morning. There was not much else here though, just a few tatty Meadow Browns Maniola jurtina and Gatekeepers Pyronia tithonus.

The impressive viaduct has 14 arches and carried the South Durham and Lancashire Union Railway for 101 years until the line’s closure in 1962, one year before the Beeching Report. The trains that crossed it transported coal to the steelworks in Barrow but when they closed there was no longer any need for this route.

*Scotch Argus | Erebia aethiops (Mike Watson)*

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BOG FRITILLARY

July 4, 2025

Another long-standing dream realised. In the early nineties, when I spent much of my spare time (apart from winter… and even then) watching butterflies, I had a thing about seeing Bog Fritillary Boloris eunomia. There were sites in the Pyrenees that I hoped to visit. I even had Richard Lewington paint the species for me! Well, I can now sit in ‘library corner’ and look at this lovely painting having seen it! I was very lucky to be able to join János Oláh’s inaugural Sakertours Serbia butterfly tour in June and Bog Fritillary was one of three main targets. There were lots of other targets, so it was an opportunity to good to miss and turned out to be one of my all-time favourite tours, even allowing for ‘recentism’.

Bog Fritillary has a wide circumpolar distribution from the boreal zone northwards but only scattered, widely separated colonies south of here. In Europe it occurs from the Pyrenees eastwards to the Balkans with a few colonies in the mountains of southeast Serbia. Bog Fritillary is well-named, occurring in bog side habitats, where its caterpillar food plant bistort occurs. The two colonies we visited were at Babin Zub on the Stara Planina (‘The Old Mountain’). The first was a tiny spring-fed bog with several flourishing stands of bistort Bistorta at 1515m ASL. It was very easy to find the fritillaries at 0700 in the early morning sunshine of 12 June, sometimes flying in the vicinity of Violet Copper Lycaena helle, which often shares the same habitat, a delightful combination. We returned in the evening until 1915 and found several Bog Fritillaries basking in the evening sun. we estimated a total of eight adults at this site [plus six Violet Coppers L. helle]. The row of halos on the underside hindwing is a unique pattern.

The following morning an early start saw us at another colony, a much more extensive bog with a lot more bistort at 1457m ASL, although we only found four Bog Fritillaries B. eunomia until 0800, roughly the same time as out visit to site no. #1. Numbers here dwindled to two the following day, one the next and then none on 16 June. Bog Fritillary is not considered threatened owing to its northern populations, but its southern outposts must surely be threatened by change of land use not to mention climate change and the fact that colonies are widely separated without stepping sone populations to repopulate lost colonies.

Bog Fritillary *Boloris eunomia* (Mike Watson)

Violet Copper *Lycaena helle* (Mike Watson)

Bog Fritillary *B. eunomia* habitat Babin Zub with plentiful Bistort *Bistorta* (Mike Watson)

*Where it started - Bog Fritillary by Richard Lewington* (Mike Watson)

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climene!

June 25, 2025

‘Climene!’. I could hear János say the magic word somewhere in the wood we were exploring, in a remote corner of southeast Serbia on his Sakertour butterfly watching holiday. Well, it’s quicker than saying Lesser Lattice Brown. We had split up to search for it and I had checked the southern part of the low, wooded ridge we had been directed to, without any luck, apart from a nice Lattice Brown Kirinia roxelana, which typically flew up into a tree and landed on the trunk, how very un-Satyrlike! There were lots of Ilex Hairstreaks on the oak trees and Pearly Heaths skipped through the leafy canopy but no Lesser Lattice Brown yet.

We had also spent a lot of time the previous day scouring a historic site for it. We had crossed a disused ford, through clouds of puddling butterflies, including a few Lesser Purple Emperors, Large Tortoiseshells and Common Gliders and followed an overgrown farm track up a hillside, passing a freshly dead Roe Deer along the way, to an abandoned farmstead. This is a depressingly common sight in the mountains of southeast Serbia, as the younger generation moves to the cities and does not want to take on the hard and unpredictable life of farming. On a separate note, butterflies relying on hay meadows must be in trouble here, while those thriving in overgrown grasslands will do well for a while before woodland reclaims the land. We had a waypoint for our target and spent a long time staring into the trees of an ancient copse but without any luck. It was hot and lunchtime, so we decided to take a break and try another spot later. We had unwittingly also spent most of the morning right next to another climene spot, as we later discovered!

Back to the afternoon and ‘We have one!’ shouted János and Jasmin. I hurried up to the top of the ridge, following their voices and sure enough they did! Jasmin had found it, or another, a while earlier, taken some photos, just in case, and then, after finding János, they relocated it. It looks just like a Meadow Brown at first glance and can easily pass in a crowd of them, of which there was here! Including penetrating the oak canopy and occasionally landing on the leaves. However, the Lesser Lattice Brown flew with a more purposeful, stronger action and always landed in the trees, whereas the Meadow Browns would sometimes land in the grass too, and had a weaker and more erratic, bouncy flight. To complicate matters roxelana was here too! Thankfully it is very strikingly marked! We enjoyed some terrific views of the Lesser Lattice Brown, always perching in a sunny spot within the shady canopy and never on a tree on the edge of the small wood. This was great for artistic images! The tiny forewing dot and four small hindwing dots were obvious, as were the two ‘scratch’ marks on the largely orange forewing (it was a male and the scratch marks are just darkened transverse veins across the discoidal area). We could also study the lightly scalloped hind wing rear edge. Excellent stuff!

*Lesser Lattice Brown (Kirinia climene) finds another shaft of sunlight in the shadows of the oak canopy.*

This subtle beauty of the shadows is a very localised butterfly in the Balkans, although, outside Europe, it occurs all the way east to Iran and southern Russia (it is also known as Iranian Argus). Its habit of seeking shade in hot weather makes it a tricky species to locate and we owe much to sharp-eyed Jasmin for unlocking this one. Thanks to the slope of the wood, our views were often at eye level too. Kirinia is unfamiliar to most British butterfly enthusiasts, being a tree-loving genus of mostly eastern Palearctic browns. Of its five members Lattice Brown occurs the furthest west, as far as Croatia but the rest stretch all the way to Amurland and the Pacific. It was particularly good to see two of them on the same afternoon. What a day in the Balkans it had been, following the False Comma in the morning!

*Lattice Brown (K. roxelana), in the next tree to the Lesser Lattice Brown.*

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BLOG

HILLTOPPING!

LAST OF THE SUMMER BUTTERFLIES

BOG FRITILLARY

climene!